The US Marine Corps (USMC) is one of five branches of the
United States armed forces. It specializes in conducting amphibious assaults
and fighting on ships. As of 2002, the US Marines it comprised of 170,000
active and 40,000 reserve Soldiers. Their designation is of corps rather than
a service. The US Marines is a versatile combat force, trained in a variety
of combat operations.
The US Marines act as the provision naval infantry by serving aboard the
naval vessels. They are responsible for carrying out amphibious operations from
the sea onto land. In the World War II, this force has fully developed and used
its expertise in conducting such operations. Its expertise in all essential
elements of combat (air, ground and water) makes it different from other forces
in the US Armed Forces. Further, all the US Marines receive
training primarily as riflemen.
The US Marine Corps has its origin in the "Continental Marines"
of the American Revolutionary War period. A resolution of the Continental
Congress on November 10, 1775 formed the "Continental Marines".
They acted as landing troops for the Continental Navy. This force
disbanded at the end of the war in April 1783. It reformed again
on July 11, 1798. Today this force is under the Department of the
Navy. The US Marines are not a part of the US
Navy. However, they work in close cooperation. This is the only
branch in the US Armed Forces with an authority to act on president’s
direction.
The US Marines is an all-purpose, quick-response task force. It specializes
in swift insertion into areas requiring emergency intervention. The US Marines
is capable of operating on ground, air and water. Since its inception, this
force has no record of a full, large-scale retreat.
The US Marine Corps has flexibility in organization. It
can have units of any size. The US Marines follow the doctrine of the Marine
air-ground task force (MAGTF). Depending on the requirements, an MAGTF unit
can be of any of three sizes.